In Figure Skating, points are earned through two main components: the Technical Element Score (TES) and the Program Component Score (PCS). These two sections are carefully judged and combined to determine a Skater’s overall score.

Technical Element Score (TES)

The TES is assessed by a Technical Panel that analyzes each element a Skater performs—like jumps, spins, step sequences, and, in pairs or ice dance, lifts. Every element has a Base Value, and depending on the complexity and quality of execution, elements can earn up to four levels. The highest level a Skater can achieve is Level 4, which comes with a higher score.

For example, a Level 4 spin earns more points than a Level 1 spin because it includes more difficult variations or increased rotations. The Technical Panel is responsible for assigning these levels in real time during the performance.

Program Component Score (PCS)

The Program Component Score reflects how well the Skater performs the program. This is where the judges come in. They assess each element with a Grade of Execution (GOE), which ranges from +5 to -5, depending on how well an element is executed. A beautifully landed jump with strong flow and grace will get positive GOEs, while a shaky or poorly executed element might receive negative GOEs.

In addition to evaluating individual elements, the judges score the Skater on the overall quality of the program. This includes factors like skating skills, composition, and performance. These scores form the PCS, which, together with the TES, make up the final score for the program.

Deductions

Skaters can also face deductions for errors like falls, time violations, or lifts lasting too long in Ice Dance. Deductions are subtracted from the total score and can significantly impact rankings.

How Does It All Add Up?

Each Skater competes in two events: the Short Program (or Rhythm Dance in Ice Dance) and the Free Skating (or Free Dance in Ice Dance). The scores from both segments are combined to give a total score. The Skater with the highest total score wins. Importantly, a Skater doesn’t need to place first in both programs to win the gold; they simply need the highest cumulative score.

So, while a flawless skate is ideal, strategy and execution across both programs ultimately decide the podium finish!